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Apply Now: Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift Cognitive Class Exam Quiz Answers

Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift Cognitive Class Certification Answers

Module 1 – Understanding the Benefits of Containers

Question 1: Which of the following are benefits of containers? (Select all that apply)

• Each container runs its own operating system (OS).
• Like virtual machines (VMs), containers virtualize your infrastructure.
• Each container is fully isolated and therefore secure.
• Containers provide a standardized way to package and ship software.  

Question 2: What is an image?

• A read-only file that contains the source code, libraries, and dependencies that are needed to run an application.
• A YAML file with key/value pairs specifying the attributes of a container.
• An isolated process running on a local or remote host with its own file system and networking.
• A text file that contains the commands and settings that will run a container and the apps running in that container.

Question 3: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM ubuntu:18.04

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

• It defines the base image, which in this case is Ubuntu version 18.04.
• It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.
• It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.
• It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.

Question 4: What does the docker build command do?

• It uses a Dockerfile to create an image.
• It creates a Dockerfile.
• It creates a Docker app.
• It uses an image to create a container.

Question 5: You can use the Docker COPY instruction to copy files from your local machine to a container.

• True
• False

Module 2 – Understanding Kubernetes Architecture

Question 1: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is?

• Open source software.
• Container orchestration platform.
• Widely available.
• A tool that facilitates declarative management.
• All of the above.  

Question 2: Which of the following components is part of the Kubernetes control plane?

• The worker nodes.
• The kubelet
• etcd
• The Kubernetes network proxy.

Question 3: Which of the following are Kubernetes objects?

• B and C
• Namespaces
• ConfigMaps
• Kubelets
• Clusters

Question 4: Which Kubernetes object represents a single instance of processes running in a container?

• Pod
• Cluster
• Deployment
• Kubelet
• ReplicaSet

Question 5: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f nginx.yaml

• It creates a YAML file named nginx.yaml.
• It creates an object using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
• It creates a new cluster using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
• It creates a configuration file for an nginx web server.

Module 3 – Managing Applications with Kubernetes

Question 1: Which of the following statements describes what a ReplicaSet does? Select all that apply.

• Maintains a stable set of Pods in a cluster, spinning up or deleting pods as needed.
• Provides configuration details to Deployments.
• Rolls out app changes in an automated and controlled manner.
• Replicates a Deployment.
• Autoscales an application.

Question 2: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

• ReplicaSets
• ConfigMaps
• Secrets
• Service bindings
• ibmcloud CLI

Question 3: In this sample kubectl command, what does get deployments tell us? Select all that apply.

» kubectl get deployments

NAME   READY  UP-TO-DATE      AVAILABLE          AGE

Nginx-deploy    1/3         1              1             

3s                                                           

• How many replicas of the application are ready.
• The number of replicas that have been updated to the desired state.
• How many replicas of the application are available.
• How long the application has been running.
• The Kubernetes namespace in which the Deployments live.

Question 4: Which of the following Kubernetes objects is used to store and manage sensitive information?

• Service bindings
• ConfigMaps
• Secrets
• ReplicaSets

Question 5: Which of the following can be used to create ConfigMaps? Select all that apply.

• The kubectl add configmap command.
• A file with key-value pairs.
• A YAML configuration file.
• Service bindings.
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.

Module 4 – The Kubernetes Ecosystem

Question 1: Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Red Hat OpenShift and Kubernetes?

• OpenShift packages Kubernetes with additional tooling to make developers and administrators more successful.
• OpenShift is a tool in the Kubernetes that ecosystem that can be used in conjunction with Kubernetes to deploy cloud-native applications.
• OpenShift can be deployed on a Kubernetes cluster to provide additional tooling such as logging, monitoring, and CI/CD.
• OpenShift plugs into Kubernetes through custom resource definitions to provide build and other capabilities.

Question 2: Which of the following are Red Hat OpenShift build triggers? Select all that apply.

• Webhook
• Image change
• Configuration change
• Source-to-image
• Docker build

 Question 3: Which of the following are possible with Istio service mesh? Select all that apply.

• Routing traffic to two versions of a microservice.
• Setting policies that stipulate which services can talk to each other.
• Encrypting traffic between services.
• Creating protocols for service to service communication.
• Decouple applications into smaller, loosely coupled microservices.

Question 4: Which of the following are types of operators available in OperatorHub? Select all that apply.

• Red Hat
• Certified
• Community
• Custom controller
• CRD

Question 5: Image streams can point to images in which of the following locations. Select all that apply.

• Other image streams.
• Public external registries.
• Private external registries.
• The OpenShift internal registry.
• A Kubernetes cluster.

Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift Final Exam Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: What does the Docker CLI build command do?

• It builds an image from a Dockerfile.
• It builds a microservice that will run in an image.
• It builds a Dockerfile.
• It builds a new container.
• It builds a new cluster.

Question 2: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM alpine:3.9

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

• It defines the base image, which in this case is Alpine version 3.9.
• It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.
• It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.
• It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.

Question 3: Containers include a guest operating system in every instance.

• True
• False  

Question 4: In this sample docker build command, what does the -t option do?

docker build -t my-app:v1 .

• It gives the image the name “my-app” and the tag “v1”.
• It indicates that the files used to build the image are located in the current working directory.
• It indicates that the version “v1” of “my-app” should be used when building the image.
• It tags the current working directory as the target location for the image being built.

Question 5: You use the docker push command to distribute an image to a registry.

• True
• False

Question 6: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is? Select all that apply.

• An all-inclusive platform as a service (PaaS).
• A service for building source code.
• A continuous delivery pipeline.
• A solution for sharing and storing images.
• A container orchestration platform.

Question 7: Which of the following are container runtimes? Select all that apply.

• Docker
• rocket
• CRI-O
• DRunner
• Kubelet

Question 8: Which of the following Kubernetes objects can you use to segregate a cluster by team or project?

• Namespaces
• ConfigMaps
• Kubernetes controllers
• Volumes

Question 9: Which Kubernetes object provides updates to Pods and ReplicaSets?

• Deployment
• ConfigMap
• Secret
• Patch

Question 10: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f pod.json

• It creates a JSON file named pod.json.
• It creates an object using the details in the pod.json file.
• It creates a new cluster using the details in the pod.json file.
• It creates a file that contains the configuration for a Kubernetes Pod.

Question 11: How are ReplicaSets often created?

• One is automatically created for you when you create a Ddeployment.
• Using the kubectl create replicaset command.
• By adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the deployment’s configuration file.
• By Adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the Dockerfile used to build the container image.

Question 12: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

• Plugins
• ConfigMaps
• ResourceSets
• Service bindings
• Deployments

Question 13: Which of the following are used to provide ConfigMaps to Pods and Deployments? Select all that apply.

• String literals
• YAML configuration files
• Container runtimes
• Service bindings
• Kubernetes schedulers

Question 14: What Kubernetes capabilities enable an application to increase the number of Pods based on traffic? Select all that apply.

• Service binding
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
• kubectl autoscale command
• Kubernetes traffic router
• kubectl scale command

Question 15: What does the following command do?

kubectl get secrets –namespace=default

• Retrieves the secrets in the “default” namespace.
• Retrieves the IBM Cloud IAM API key for your Kubernetes cluster.
• Retrieves the binding.password values for the services bound to your Kubernetes cluster.
• Retrieves all the Secrets in your Kubernetes cluster.

 Question 16: What is the Istio service mesh used for? Select all that apply.

• Control the flow of traffic between services.
• Secure communication between services.
• Encrypt Kubernetes secrets.
• Observe and monitor services.

Question 17: Kubernetes is the sole project hosted by the CNCF.

• True
• False  

Question 18: OpenShift can be run in which of the following environments? Select all that apply.

• On premise
• Public cloud
• Private cloud
• Hybrid cloud

Question 19: What is the open source upstream version of OpenShift called?

• OKD
• Kubernetes open source
• Istio
• CRD
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS

Question 20: Which of the following build strategies injects application source code into builder images without having to write a Dockerfile?

• Docker
• Source-to-image
• Custom build
• Image stream
• Webhook

Question 21: Image streams contain complete image data.

• True
• False

Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift

Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift are three interconnected technologies that have revolutionized the way applications are developed, deployed, and managed in modern computing environments. Let’s break down each of these technologies:

Containers:

• Containers are a form of lightweight virtualization that package an application and its dependencies together, ensuring consistency across different computing environments.
• They encapsulate everything an application needs to run, including libraries, dependencies, and configuration files, into a single, executable unit.
• Popular containerization platforms include Docker and containerd, which provide tools and services for building, distributing, and running containers.

Kubernetes:

• Kubernetes, often abbreviated as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform developed by Google. It automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
• Kubernetes abstracts away the underlying infrastructure, providing a consistent API for deploying and managing containers across different environments, from on-premises data centers to public cloud providers.
• Key features of Kubernetes include automated scaling, service discovery and load balancing, rolling updates, and self-healing capabilities.

OpenShift:

• OpenShift is a Kubernetes-based container platform developed by Red Hat. It extends Kubernetes with additional features and tools to streamline the development, deployment, and management of containerized applications.
• OpenShift provides built-in developer tools, CI/CD pipelines, security features, and integration with various cloud services.
• It offers a comprehensive platform for building, deploying, and scaling applications, whether on-premises or in the cloud.

In summary, containers provide a standardized way to package and distribute applications, Kubernetes automates the management of containerized applications at scale, and OpenShift builds upon Kubernetes to provide a comprehensive platform for containerized application development and operations. Together, these technologies enable organizations to build and deploy applications more efficiently, reliably, and securely in today’s dynamic computing environments.