Introduction to Data Science Cognitive Class Exam Quiz Answers

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Introduction to Data Science Cognitive Class Certificate Answers

Module 1 – Defining Data Science

Question 1: In the report by the McKinsey Global Institute, by 2018, it is projected that there will be a shortage of people with deep analytical skills in the United States. What is the size of this shortage?

• 140 000 – 190 000 people
• 120 000
• 20 000 – 50 000 people
• 800 000 – 900 000 people
• 3 – 6 million people

Question 2: How is Walmart reported to have addressed its analytical needs?

• Crowdsourcing
• Code sharing
• Social media
• Outsourcing
• None of the options is correct

Question 3: In the reading, the New York Times reported the base salary for data scientists as:

• $150 000
• $85 000 + Bonus
• $112 000
• $16 per hour
• $100 000

Module 2 – What do data science people do?

Question 1: In the reading, what was the real added value of the research?

• Quantifying the magnitude of relationships
• Analyzing consumer behavior
• Proximity to transport and infrastructure resulted in higher housing prices
• Shopping centers had a nonlinear impact on housing prices
• all else being equal’ is a powerful assumption

Question 2: In the reading, what is an example of a question that can be put to a regression analysis?

• Do homes with brick exterior sell in rural areas?
• What is the impact of lot size on housing price?
• What are typical land taxes in a house sale?
• How much does a finished basement cost?
• How much should a house near a park cost?

Question 3: Who developed the statistical technique known as Regression?

• Andrew Gelman
• Sir Frances Galton
• Anindya Ghose
• Saeed Aghabozorgi
• Dhanurjay “DJ” Patil

Module 3 – Data Science in Business

Question 1: In the reading, what is the ultimate purpose of analytics:

• To evangelize data science
• To facilitate meetings between sales and marketing
• To communicate findings to the concerned
• To build models
• To generate reports

Question 2: In the reading, the report successfully did the job of:

• Using data and analytics to generate the likely economic scenarios
• Calculating projections for the economy
• Convincing the leadership team to act on an initiative
• Using PowerPoint to deliver a message
• Summarizing pages and pages of research

Question 3: In this reading, what is the role of the data scientist?

• Email the stakeholders about the analysis
• Manage a team of analysts to create a model
• Develop the strategy to fix the problems in the findings
• Use the insights to build the narrative to communicate the findings
• Use the data to tell the story the CEO wants to tell

Module 4 – Use Cases for Data Science

Question 1: An introductory section is always helpful in:

• Setting up the problem for the reader
• Presenting the statistical calculations
• Summarizing the text
• Introducing the research methods
• Advertising the product

Question 2: The results section is where you present:

• The empirical findings
• R Squared
• The conclusion
• The contributors
• The methods used

Question 3: In the reading, what is an example of housekeeping?

• Adding slide numbers
• Including a list of references
• Adding headings to charts
• Adding pictures to graphs
• Saving the report as a PDF

Module 5 – Data Science People

Question 1: In the reading, how does the author define ‘data science’?

• Data science is way of understanding things, of understanding the world
• Data science is a physical science like physics or chemistry
• Data science is some data and more science
• Data science is what data scientists do
• Data science is the art of uncovering the hidden secrets in data

Question 2: In the reading, what is admirable about Dr. Patil’s definition of a ‘data scientist’?

• His definition limits data science to activities involving machine learning
• His definition is only for people who program in Python
• His definition excludes statistics
• His definition is about weaving strong narratives into analytics
• His definition is inclusive of individuals from various academic backgrounds and training

Question 3: In the reading, what characteristics are said to be exhibited by “The best” data scientists?

• Ask good questions, really curious people, engineers
• Really curious, ask good questions, at least 10 years of experience
• Thinkers, ask good questions, O.K. dealing with unstructured situations
• Thinkers, really curious, PHDs
• Really curious people, engineers, statisticians

Introduction to Data Science Final Exam Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: In the reading, the output of a data mining exercise largely depends on:

• The engineer
• The programming language used
• The quality of the data
• The scope of the project
• The data scientist

Question 2: In the reading, what are some of the steps down the data mine?

• Establish goals, store data, mine data, present data
• Establish goals, select data, pre-process data, transform data
• Establish goals, team meeting, select data, transform data
• Establish goals, mine data, evaluate data mining results, create database
• Establish goals, select data, pre-process data, present data

Question 3: What should you do when data are missing in a systematic way?

• Extrapolate data
• Use Python to generate values
• Determine the average of the values around the missing data
• Determine the impact of missing data on the results
• Determine who was managing the database

Question 4: What is an example of a data reduction algorithm?

• Conjoint Analysis
• Programmatization
• A/B Testing
• Principal Component Analysis
• Prior Variable Analysis

Question 5: What should be a prime concern for storing data?

• Data safety and privacy
• Hiring the right database manager
• The size of the files
• The physical location of the servers
• Hadoop clusters

Question 6: What is a good starting point for data mining?

• Data Visualization
• Writing a data dictionary
• Non-parametric methods
• Creating a relational database
• Machine learning

Question 7: When evaluating mining results, data mining and evaluating becomes:

• A transformative process
• An intuitive process
• A data driven process
• A strategic process
• An iterative process

Question 8: When establishing data mining goals, the accuracy expected from the results also influences the:

• The timelines for the project
• The scope of the project
• The costs
• The presentation
• Data scientist

Question 9: When processing data, what factor can lead to errors in data?

• Synchronizing the database
• Changing services providers
• Renaming variables
• Human error
• Overfitting

Question 10: Formal evaluation could include testing the predictive capabilities of the models on observed data to see how effective and efficient the algorithms have been in reproducing data.” This is known as:

• Prototyping
• Overfitting
• In-sample forecast
• False positive
• Reverse engineering

Introduction to Data Science

Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data. It combines aspects of statistics, computer science, and domain expertise to analyze and interpret complex data. Data Science is crucial in various industries, from healthcare and finance to marketing and technology, driving decisions and strategies based on data.

Key Components of Data Science

1. Data Collection

• Sources: Data can be collected from various sources, including databases, web scraping, sensors, and user-generated content.
• Types of Data: Structured data (like spreadsheets), unstructured data (like text and images), and semi-structured data (like JSON files).

2. Data Cleaning

• Importance: Raw data often contains errors, missing values, and inconsistencies. Cleaning ensures data quality and accuracy.
• Techniques: Handling missing values, removing duplicates, and correcting data types.

3. Data Exploration and Visualization

• Exploration: Understanding data distributions, relationships, and patterns using descriptive statistics and graphical representations.
• Visualization Tools: Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Tableau help in creating visual insights.

4. Data Analysis

• Statistical Analysis: Applying statistical methods to identify trends, relationships, and outliers.
• Machine Learning: Building predictive models using algorithms like regression, classification, clustering, and neural networks.

5. Data Interpretation

• Insights: Translating analytical results into actionable business insights.
• Communication: Presenting findings in a clear and concise manner to stakeholders using reports and visualizations.

6. Data Engineering

• Data Pipelines: Designing and maintaining systems for data collection, storage, and processing.
• Tools: SQL, Hadoop, Spark, and cloud services like AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

7. Ethics and Privacy

• Ethical Considerations: Ensuring the responsible use of data, avoiding biases, and maintaining transparency.
• Privacy Regulations: Complying with laws such as GDPR and CCPA to protect individual privacy.

Conclusion

Data Science is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that leverages data to drive decision-making and innovation. By combining technical skills, statistical knowledge, and domain expertise, data scientists can uncover insights that transform industries and society. Whether through predictive modeling, data engineering, or ethical considerations, the scope of Data Science is vast and impactful.